Hurdling

Event Paper: Hurdling In track and field, the three main types of event include: running, throwing and jumping. According to britannica. com, hurdling is defined as â€Å"A sport in athletics (track and field) in which a runner races over a series of obstacles called hurdles, which are set a fixed distance apart. † Throughout the race, runners are required to stay within their assigned lane. They are allowed to knock down hurdles while running, but a runner who trails a foot or leg alongside a hurdle or knocks it down with a hand is disqualified.Hurdling, which combines running and jumping, is fairly new in comparison to the other track and field events. However, hurdling contains an impressive and interesting history and continues to be one of the most popular events at the Olympics. It was not until the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 when hurdles were introduced to the world. The original Olympics began long before in Greece, however, Roman Emperor Theodosius I had banne d the Games 1,500 years earlier as an attempt to abolish what he thought were pagan practices.The modern Olympics arose in Athens and presented hurdling events, thanks to the French baron, Pierre de Coubertin, who than became the first International Olympic Committee president. The Games initially began with 110-meter hurdles and in 1900 introduced the 400-meter hurdles. When the sport was first introduced, hurdling was completed by simply jumping over the hurdles. American Alvin Kraenslein, however, changed this and introduced a new striding technique for overcoming the hurdles in 1900. This technique incorporated straightening the front leg while tucking the back leg underneath the body.After winning both the 110- and 200-meter hurdle events, Kraenzlein’s technique became the standard for hurdling and still is practiced today. After its introduction, hurdling was mainly recognized as an event for men only. In 1926, this changed with the introduction of the Olympic 80-meter hurdle events for women. With the success of women such as Babe Didrikson exceeding, the participation and recognition of women in hurdling increased. Furthermore, as of 2011, women compete in the same hurdling events as men, including the 400-meter hurdles.In hurdling events, there are sprint hurdle races and long hurdle races. The most common sprint hurdles is 110 meters for men and 100 meters for women. As mentioned, the standard long hurdle race is 400 meters for both men and women. There are also other distances that are run indoors which are usually 60 meters or less for both men and women. In sum, there are different specific techniques for each hurdle race. While the high hurdles races are sprints, they are also technical events. The ultimate goal for all hurdlers is do as little hurdling, and as much as running, as possible.This means participants must sprint, clear the hurdles, then proceed sprinting as quickly as possible. The key is to preserve momentum while clearing al l ten hurdles, maintaining one’s center of gravity as close to standard sprinting position as possible. As with the other sprint races, high hurdles participants being in starting blocks. However, unlike a straight spring, sprint hurdlers most transfer into an upright position rather quickly. Sprint hurdlers retain their speed leading up to each hurdle, but they also shorten the last step before their lead leg rises to clear the hurdle.This provokes the plant foot under the hips and allows the hurdler to shift their upper body weight forward. It is also vital to remember appropriate arm technique. The arm on the opposite side of the lead leg pushes forward and literally directs the runner toward the hurdle. As the lead leg’s knee drives to the hurdle, the lower leg extends forward until the foot approaches the hurdle’s height. As the body leans forward, the lead knee continues slight bent as the hurdler proceeds forward. As soon as the lead leg’s heel cle ars the hurdle, it is important immediately bring that foot down.Than the contestant must pull his or her trail leg over the hurdle quickly and prepare to resume sprinting. Senior-level hurdlers usually take three strides between hurdles but it can vary. In sum, it is important to never slow down and to utilize the arms, which will help the hurdler to maintain good balance. Both men and women have set astonishing records in completing the event of hurdling. The 110-meter hurdles for men, 12. 8 seconds is the fastest that has ever been ran and Aries Merritt from the USA holds that record. However, one other significant hurdler is Liu Xiang who was the first person to run under 12. seconds. Also, Allen Johnson from USA is the only four-time world champion. The fastest time ran for the women’s 100-meter hurdles is 12. 21 by Yordanka Donkova in 1988. Two other successful athletes that are the only 100 meters hurdlers to have become both Olympic Champion and World Champion are Sal ly Pearson from Austria and Ludmila Narozhilenko-Engquist from Sweden. As the Olympic Games continue, team USA remains to dominate the men’s 110-meter hurdles however, for the women’s 100-meter hurdles, athletes from Bulgaria and Germany dominate the event.The 400 meters hurdles is also an Olympic event in track and field. Runners stay in their lanes the entire way after starting out of the blocks and must clear ten hurdles that are evenly spaced around the track. The 400 meters hurdle race requires speed, endurance, and hurdling technique along with distinctive awareness and particular concentration throughout the race. The current men's and women's world record holders are Kevin Young with 46. 78 seconds and Yuliya Pechonkina with 52. 34 seconds. There are common physical characteristics and traits among hurdlers.Many hurdlers are considered strong and have a good amount of muscle. This is important in having a good, solid landing as well as having an aggressive star t. Also good flexibility and coordination (i. e. hip mobility) is vital. During the hurdling process one of your legs does extend to the side in which this trait comes to play. Furthermore, a hurdler must run the 100 meters well since the ultimate objective of hurdling is to sprint the event as much as possible. Finally having a tall stature can be an advantage due to having shorter strides and achieving greater horizontal distance over the hurdle.All in all, a successful hurdler contains most or all of these physical characteristics. Hurdling can now been seen at almost all levels, beginning with middle school student track and field teams, and continuing through high school and college to the Olympics. It is important to understand that hurdling involves persistent training and with that strong work ethic. As Kevin Young said, â€Å"The key thing in the hurdles is that it’s a development event. You might not do a damn thing one year, and then things just click. You really can’t discount athletes who may not stand out immediately.It may take two or three years for an athlete to develop. † References Hurdling. (2012). In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/277252/hurdling Rosenbaum, Mike. (2010). Sprint hurdles technique. Retrieved Dec. 18, 2012, from About. com database. Sherwod, Chris. (2011, Jul 14). History of hurdling. Retrieved Dec. 18, 2012, from Livestrong. com database. Slingo, Mark. (2008). History of hurdling. Retrieved Dec. 18, 2012, from ehow. com database. Sports Coach, BrianMac. (2012, Oct 17). Spring hurdles. Retrieved Dec. 18, 2012 from Brianmac. co database.

Real Beauty Sketches Essay

In April 2013, Dove launched a â€Å"Real Beauty† campaign after performing marketing research and discovering that only 2% of all women consider themselves to be â€Å"beautiful†. In an effort to boost self-esteem and moral, Dove introduced a television ad in the form, which incorporated a powerful and touching social experiment. In this commercial, several different women are asked to describe their physical appearance to a forensic sketch artist, who cannot see them as he sketches their physical descriptions. They are told to use neutral terms, and to â€Å"stick to the facts† when describing their own self-reflections. Next, the same women are described to the same forensic sketch artist by a complete stranger, whom they had only met the day before. The strangers are given the same instructions. At the end of this unknown experiment, both descriptions are drawn by the artist and then compared. Upon comparison, it is incredibly obvious that the stranger’s physical descriptions of the subject are more flattering, and more accurate depict the subject’s true appearance. The commercial sends a very inspiring, real message to the women: to be less critical of yourself, and to embrace the natural beauty of womanhood. After the experiment took place, one woman admitted, â€Å"I should be more grateful of my natural beauty. It impacts the choices and the friends we make; the jobs we apply for; how we treat our children; it impacts everything. It couldn’t be more critical to your happiness. † To the same point, another woman added, â€Å"we spend a lot of time as women analyzing and trying to fix the things that aren’t quite right, and we should spend more time appreciating the things that we do like. † The commercial ends with a powerful and honest message: â€Å"You are more beautiful than you think. † The â€Å"Real Beauty Sketches† ad resulted in widespread reactions worldwide- some positive, some negative. Many praised the commercial for its ability to acknowledge and accept natural beauty and what society may traditional deem as physical â€Å"flaws†. But there were many negative critics as well. Despite the good nature behind the commercial’s intent, many criticized the ad for its heavy emphasis on physical appearance. Critics claimed that Dove’s advertisement still focused too heavily on the physical appearance of woman, and its remaining influence as the single-most defining element of a woman’s worth; as opposed to her personality or personal achievements. Which led me to question: How could this advertisement be improved to focus on the â€Å"true beauty† and essence of a woman’s worth? The message is a refreshing change from the typical message that beauty supply companies often send; instead of shaming women into purchasing things to make them more â€Å"beautiful†, Dove takes a non-traditional approach by supporting the natural beauty, without the enhancement of material products. Although this may seem to counter-act their ultimate goal of selling beauty products, Dove gains seeks to gain more than just revenue- they seek to gain self-confidence and acceptance. But in order to overcome the heavy emphasis of a woman’s physical appearance as the defining element of a woman’s worth, I think it is important to emphasis how the woman achieved her â€Å"beauty lines†, wrinkles, or â€Å"flaws†. Perhaps pulling on the viewer’s emotional heartstring of laughter and love would prove to play a beautiful part in the development of a woman’s wrinkles around her eyes, or expression lines in her forehead. By approaching the beauty from this marketing angle, marketers are focusing on the internal beauty that a woman envelopes, and justifies their natural beauty with self-worth and personal accomplishment. By casting very â€Å"average† and â€Å"typical† looking women, marketers sought to appeal to the majority of women, in an effort to reflect a more realistic depiction of women. By refraining from using â€Å"traditionally† beautiful women, viewers and women find the message to be more relatable to themselves. Marketing Applications: In April 2013, Dove marketers applied a story-like short film to their Real Beauty campaign, in an effort to reveal each woman’s true natural beauty. Marketing Relevance: Marketing emphasis: to encourage the improvement of self-image and confidence among women worldwide. Dove marketers sought to prove that â€Å"we† are our own worst critics, and that our own self-image is often skewed and far less beautiful than our true natural beauty suggests. Intangible elements: Dove focused on producing a moral campaign that reflects the ideals and beliefs of their corporate personnel. In this powerful, thought-provoking message, Dove effectively used an emotional story to â€Å"make a culturally positive difference†. Marketers drew upon an emotional appeal in an attempt to attach these positive ideas to their own product line. In doing so, Dove successfully attached an extension of their own feelings to their product, as well as their corporate image. Many accredit the campaign’s success to its ability tap into deep-seated emotions and â€Å"hit on a real human truth for women. Many women undervalue themselves and also the way they look. † In this ad, Dove focused on the emotional appeal, rather than simply â€Å"communicating a particular product or service benefit. † As a result, consumers will be more likely to remember the positive emotions that the advertisement evoked, and thus, â€Å"associate them with Dove products. † Discussion Questions:

Audit of Syphilis Screening in Pregnancy

Audit of Syphilis Screening in Pregnancy Tables Table 1: Syphilis confirmatory test results for forty nine   pregnant woman 18 Table 2: Syphilis s creening results of eleven new-borns of   positive syphilis mother 24 Table 3: Positive s yphilis confirmat ory test results for sixteen   pregnant woman 30 Figures Figure 1: The laboratory turnaround time of syphilis screening   for mothers 28 Figure 2: The laboratory turnaround time of syphilis screening   for new-borns 28 Tables Table 1: Syphilis confirmatory test results for forty nine pregnant woman 18 Table 2: Syphilis s creening results of eleven new-borns of positive syphilis mothers 24 Table 3 : Positive s yphilis confirmat ory test results for sixteen pregnant woman 30 Figure s Figure 1: The laboratory turnaround time of syphilis screening for mothers Figure 2: The laboratory turnaround time of syphilis screening for new-borns ABSTRACT Objective: A re-audit of syphilis screening in pregnancy was carried out to ensure that the improvements in laboratory and clinical aspects of management for the antenatal of pregnant women with positive syphilis screening and their new-born babies fully met were in accordance with the UK National Guidelines on the Management of Syphilis (Kingston et al., 2008) and the Guidelines for the Management of Syphilis in Pregnancy and the Neonatal Period (Stringer et al., 2013). Methods: Patients’ data were collected via query of the three databases: Clinisys Labcentre , Telepath and EuroKing . The n the data were analysed using Microsoft Access 2013. Results: Samples from F orty nine 49 pregnant woman with positive syphilis results serology were referred to a reference laboratory laboratory were sent to MRI for syphilis serological confirmatory testing. Sixteen pregnant woman with of these women were confirmed to have had had positive syphilis were identified . Ten pregnant woman were re-tested screened at least twice during their pregnancy and six pregnant woman were only screened tested once during pregnancy. Over-testing of for treponemal IgM were seen in nineteen patients [h1] with non-reactive RPR titre. Only eleven babies born to mothers with syphilis were followed-up with serial serological test s for syphilis. Only four new-borns were fully screened. Some of the new-borns were not tested with treponemal IgM due to sample insufficiency. Conclusion: There were some improvements seen since the first audit which includes the changes of the confirmatory testing schedule in MRI, lower screening false positive rate, and increased follow-up of the new-borns. There were also things to improve in the management of syphilis in pregnancy and the new-borns of positive syphilis mothers. Treponemal IgM test should be performed only when the RPR test were reactive to prevent over-testing of patients. The test algorithm for screening of syphilis in new-borns should give priority to RPR test and treponemal IgM to prevent under- testing [h2] . In-house confirmatory testing should be considered to allow reduction of test turnaround time’s thereby aiding patient management. Improvements [h3] should be made in the management of syphilis in pregnancy and the new-borns of positive syphilis mothers. Treponemal IgM test should be performed only when the RPR test were reactive to preven t over-testing of patients. The test algorithm for screening of syphilis in new-borns should give priority to RPR test and treponemal IgM to prevent under- testing [h4] . 1.0   INTRODUCTION 1.1   Syphilis Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum (T.pallidum) subspecies pallidum . The disease is transmitted from human to human, and humans are its only known natural host (Woods 2005). Epidemiologically, in the UK, cases of syphilis have increased in England since 1997 led by a series of outbreaks reported from Manchester, London and Brighton (Health Protection Agency 2009). Since 1999, diagnoses of infectious syphilis have been made in heterosexuals where the outbreaks are linked to sex work, students and young people. But, there was a changing pattern of infection between 1999 and 2008, when seventy three percent of new diagnoses of infectious syphilis were reported in men who have sex with men (Health Protection Agency 2009). The transmission is primarily by sexual activity (Zeltser & Kurban 2004) (vaginal and anal intercourse) and by direct contact with active primary or secondary lesions (Lafond & Lukehart 2006) for example through oral sex and kissing at or near an infectious lesion (Kent & Romanelli 2008). T.pallidum may invade the host through normal mucosal membranes and also through minor abrasions in the skin (Zeltser & Kurban 2004) such as from sexual trauma, causing an inflammation, ulcer and then spreading through the blood stream to other parts of the body (Goh 2005) .

Distance Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Distance Learning - Essay Example I have also made use of the popular website YouTube to watch video clips from all across the globe. I have used my email address to send and receive emails to my friends, family members and business networking associates. The advantages of pursuing a distance learning environment include the fact that a person can learn so many new things without actually being present on the location where the subject is being taught. This is indeed virtual learning which has helped students and professionals alike in the time and age of today. However the distance learning environment has a disadvantage in the ideology that it is not really education in the sheer sense of the word. If the student is not present virtually on the location, it would be very difficult for him to decipher the exact meaning of what is being taught to him. Thus he can miss out on a number of areas as well as the technical issues happening over the distance learning environment, in the form of internet and connectivity regimes can pose as serious troubling matters (Zhang 2005). I do not have an experience with distance education as such; however I perceive it to be a good learning regime, which can induce students into acquiring the education that they have been unable to get their hands on (Bradley 2003). They can explore different areas and tangents which have remained unexplored to date and thus seek better returns for their own selves in the future. Also distance education can cut down on their cost issues and budgets which they would have had to undertake once they were a part of the education processes happening within the universities and institutions at far flung areas or even different countries. The challenges or barriers that can arise in the wake of distance learning education remain the adoption and choosing of courses which are aptly modified with the needs and requirements of the students. This would mean that

Health Care Reform Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health Care Reform - Assignment Example A week after the new health care reform was implemented, US insurance companies have been ceasing to offer health insurance policies that cover only children because of the fear that parents will wait until a child is ill before purchasing health insurance, and may drop the insurance after the child recovers (Tanne, 2010, n.p.). The new health care reform act of 2010 does not only extend insurance coverage among children but to all Americans as well. Changes on the new coverage of health care reform act affect both the government and uninsured population. Making health care affordable to all Americans will increase medical spending up to $ 1,600 or an increased in 70% per uninsured individual and savings in public programs are achieved because of changes in traditional payment changes in Medicare and Medicaid (Cutler, Davis, & Stremikis, 2010, 2). In addition, the new health care reform establishes insurance exchanges that will group individuals and small firms into larger entities, minimize marketing costs, and stronger oversight of industry practices. On the patient side, improvement in information are made available as well as the incentives and medical provision. Meanwhile, health care reform consequences include the excised of tax on premiums to give affordable health care to all Americans (Cutler, Davis, & Stremikis, 2010, 7), increase incidences of fraud and abuse in Medicare and Medicaid programs, and uneven distribution of health care costs to the patients with chronic conditions such as congestive heart failure, diabetes, and hypertension (Orszag & Emanuel, 2010, 602). Therefore, it is expected that medical spending will decrease over time because of improvement in health but expenses imposed on additional health care providers needed to provide care to all Americans passes the burden to premium member, open up opportunities for employers to abuse health insurances among workers, and limits monitoring check-ups of certain chronic conditions because of

Developing and leading effective Teams Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Developing and leading effective Teams - Article Example In terms of the type of team essential for the accomplishment of the problem affect nurses and patients, I would advocate for a primary work team or primary care team (Calendrillo, 2009). It is a team that concentrates on interacting with the patients at both the professional and personal levels to get feedback important in boost healthcare services given by the hospital. On that note, there are benefits and disadvantages of creating the aforementioned type of team. On benefit involves constant communication that ensures the execution of roles and responsibilities within the health sector (Beeson, 2011). Second, the creation of ground rules often emerge in such scenarios because of certain expected behaviours and guidelines. However, the disadvantages encompass inability to reach quick agreements because of team binding regulations. I, therefore, would prefer staff members with both interpersonal and intrapersonal skills because they will understand how to interact with others (Kelly & Tazbir, 2013). Their skill sets and positions will offer a chance for trust during

Joint Functions Course of Action and Sketch Coursework

Joint Functions Course of Action and Sketch - Coursework Example The operation occurs in NATO nations and allied forces (Elsner, Hanappi & Hanappi 12). Strategic significance It is a necessity for law and order. During wartime, it is indispensable for offences such as treason, betrayal and defection to be punished by death. It is for the greater good of both the country and the army in terms of security. In executing, say, a traitor, it will help in terminating further leakage of strategic and crucial military secrets that in failing to stop them, will jeopardize the security status of the country. Therefore, the death sentence is the only foul- proof means to put an end to these heinous crimes. There comes a time when logic is beaten by necessity, and necessity being the best solution to the incumbent problem. Therefore, the United States of America’s constitution has recognized these times and put the death sentence in place to cater for it. Thus, the death penalty is in place due to this necessity (Elsner, Hanappi & Hanappi 14). Goals an d objectives The policy of the United States aims in promoting a regional stability and to ensure that the available resources are safe for the citizens and allies. The main objective is to coordinate and maintain an effective mechanism to deter the enemies through a counter defense mechanism. The policy intends to deny the enemy access to the regional communication and resources. The aim is to design a system that improves regional stability, deter ear, and demonstrate the commitment levels to the region. Once the government of the United States has established a combat power to generate an adequate defense strategy, an implementation is carried out to counter attack and restore peace in its territory (Elsner, Hanappi & Hanappi 18). Purpose The concept plan gives an idea of deployment and employment of the war forces in an counter force. The civil war was a fight to keep the union of the United States of America. Conflicting opinions arose due to the federal government on the conce pt of the constitution. A rift between the handling of governments run by the federal and executive governments created the civil war. A union meant that the two run under one constitution. The war continued for four year. The division between the north and south conflicted against the election of Abraham Lincoln. The northern state was free while the southern state comprised of slaves. The union formed from eleven southern states lead to a disagreement after Lincoln declared the acts illegal. The sketch of the command structure The responsibilities of the tactics The fight over power paints a different picture if pasted in today’s happening. The reaction is the same only that people do not go into a civil war. The war experienced today involves individuals withholding necessary resources until certain regions accept the given ruling. The civil war began after the battle of Bull Run in 1861. The war showed signs of lasting for years. The states experienced huge battles in the states in America. The central reason behind the war was slavery, but until the Battle of Antietam in 1862 is when the slavery issue subsided. The slaves finally gained their freedom after the war during the thirteenth amendment. Expectations of the law The war started the poor economic circle that we experience today. For the northern part of America, they experienced a boon while for the south it was an economic disaster. The civil war created not time for business

Class Work Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Class Work - Personal Statement Example To clarify the point, I strongly believe that Ross Business School is the best place for me to bring down the stereotype my family hold on women. I belong to a family that is very much orthodox in its way of thinking about the female role and one of most challenging duties as a modern youth has been to challenge this conventional stereotype of women's role in the society. I realized that I could not obtain very much from this type of life, spending most of my time with friends without a significant progression in my education. This awareness stimulated me to change my education path. Fortunately, I enjoyed the support of some of my elders in this endeavor. Once I was aware of the fact that the American education system gives priority for students' participation, this attracted me to be one of those active-learners instead of the passive-learners. And, obviously, the Ross School of Business has been one of my first preferences as it provides great facilities and opportunities for a student of business and I have been very convinced that my selection would not be affected by the provisions in the college. However, there have been problems of different type that came from my entire family; old stereotypes about how women are not expected to study abroad except in Singapore - since studying at Singapore was not considered to be "abroad' - were casually mentioned. This obstructed me when I told my parents about my intention to study in the US. They believed that a woman should eventually get married, stay home, and be a good housewife. Thus, they felt that a higher education would be useless for woman. However, since I saw to humans to be considered equal, so should women and men in my society; we can have the same opportunities. I do not want to be a wife like other women in my generation of my family or for that reason a stereo type woman of my family's selection. I wanted to break the construct of women built by the conventions by pursuing one of the most unconventional academic quests and business administration and a course in the US served the best tool for my purpose. There were many factors that helped me in my pursuit. There were some thinking people who would support my idea and I managed to get the permission and I will prove to my family that this was the best decision for my future. I believe that if I do not depend on other people, particularly my family, I will have a greater opportunity to better explore my strengths. This opportunity to be a student at the Ross School of Business will be the most suitable one to follow my determination. The quality of learning in the institute along with other environments would help me gain the best development of my academic career and my personality. All these rightly indicate the reasons for me to opt for the Ross School of Business. 2. The BBA Program requires excellent teamwork skills and there are many group projects in the curriculum. Tell us about a group or team experience from college that either went very well or that ended badly. In retrospect, would you have done anything differently Please tell us why or why not. Teamwork skills are most essential for the success of group projects which "include the mix of interactive, interpersonal, problem solving and communication skills needed by a group of

Nutrition project 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nutrition project 3 - Essay Example Likewise, it is assessed that the cost incurred by my family members to feed me is around 49 BHD. It has been estimated that a newly independent individual can earn around 240 BHD on a monthly basis. This means that weekly I can earn 60 BHD out of which 37 BHD might be allocated for food expenses. Therefore, the total cost estimated to be incurred by me on food items is 37 BHD. However, the current weekly food cost is based on different range of products, which is assessed to be around 32.84 BHD signifying that 4.16 BHD can be actually saved after purchasing weekly food items. The saved amount i.e. 4.16 BHD might be used for other different purposes that include purchasing apparels or other products. The weekly income earned by me is estimated to be around 60 BHD, while the total cost incurred on my week’s food menu is 32.84 BHD as estimated. Henceforth, the percentage of weekly income used by my weekly food menu is 54.73%. I was able to learn that maintaining a healthy diet is quite important for an individual to produce required energy for better growth as well as development. The planning and implementing of the diet plan might assist me in allocating maximum budget towards food items, so that appropriate foods with better notorious value are consumed to live a healthy and happy life. It was quite difficult for me to meet the Super Tracker’s requirement of vegetables to maintain a healthy diet, as the vegetables are not easily available in the food market based on the preferences (SuperTracker, â€Å"SuperTracker & Other Tools†). As per my anticipation, the biggest challenge to meet my nutritional requirements as an adult will be to balance my weekly budget on food items and maintain a healthy

Theorist of Language Acquisition Essay Example for Free

Theorist of Language Acquisition Essay In the 1060’s the generative- transformational school of linguistics emerged through the influence of Noam Chomsky. What Chomsky was trying to show is that language (not languages) cannot be scrutinized simply in terms of observable stimuli and responses or the volume raw of data gathered by field linguist. The generative linguist is interested not only in describing the level of descriptive adequacy but also in arriving at an explanatory level of adequacy of language- that is, a â€Å"principled basis independent of any particular language, for the selection of the descriptively adequate grammar of each language (Chomsky 1064:63). Chomsky contented that the child is born with an innate knowledge of language or predisposition toward language, and that this innate property (LAD) is universal in all human being. The innateness hypothesis was a possible resolution of contradiction between the behaviorist notion that the language is a set of habits that can be acquired by a process of conditioning and the fact that such conditioning is much too slow and inefficient a process to account from the acquisition of a phenomena as a complex. It simply tells that it is really innate to man to acquire his first language to its parents, environment it could be their school or to the persons they are with in their daily living. If the child parents are Japanese and the child was born in America and the language they are using inside their house is Japanese the child acquired first the Japanese language and the child will acquire his second language which id English through the school he is in to. Stephen Krashen Krashen (1973) contented that the lateralization is complete around age 5. His suggestion does not grossly conflict the research on the first language acquisition if one considers â€Å"fluency† in the first language to achieved by age 5. In 1977 he suggested that the adults use more† monitoring† or â€Å"learning† strategies (conscious attention to form) fro language acquisition while children utilize strategies of â€Å"acquisition† (subconscious attention to function). This distinction between acquisition and learning could well be explicated by the field independence dichotomy. The teacher is the source of learners input and the creator of an interesting and stimulating variety of classroom activities, commands games, skills, and small- group work. Learner will presumably move through what Krashen and Terrel define as the stages. 1) the preproduction stage is the development of listening comprehension skills. 2) the early production stage is usually marked with errors as the student struggles with the language. The teacher focuses on the meaning here, not on the form and therefore the teacher does not make a point of correcting errors during this stage (unless they are gross errors which block or winder meaning. ) 3) The last stage is one of discourse involving more complex games, role-plays, open ended dialog, discussion and extended small-group work. Since the objective in this stage is to promote fluency, teachers are asked to be very sparse in the correction of errors. Role- plays help the child develop their skills in speaking as well acquiring such language. For instance the teacher will asks them to come –up with a play through the dialogues the child able to acquire the correct usage of the language by using the script. Another strategy is brain storming in which it is spontaneous outpouring of ideas and interest to the students. The teacher will give them a particular topic and let them discuss it to the class. Another is through Rhymes ad Songs. Example: One, two, three, four, five I caught a fish alive Six, seven, eight, nine, ten I let it go again. Why did you let it go? Because it bit my finger so. The little finger on the right. James Asher (1977) developer of the Total Physical Response (TPR) actually begun experimenting with TPR in the 1960’s but it was almost a decade before the method was widely discussed in professional circles. TPR combines a number of other insights in its rationale. Principles of child language acquisition are important. Asher (1977) voted that children. In learning their first language appear to do a lot of listening before they speak; and that their listening as accompanied by physical responses (reaching, grabbing, moving, looking and so forth). He also gave some attention to right-brain learning. According to Asher, motor activity is a right-brain function that should precede left brain processing. Asher was also convinced that language classes were often the lows of too much anxiety and wished to devise a method that was as stress-free as possible. The TPR classroom then is one in which students do a great deal of listening and acting. The teacher is very directive in orchestrating a performance. â€Å"The instructor is the director of the stage play in which the students are the actors† (Asher1977:34) this theory of Asher tries to imply that a child will really response to how they felt. For example, the teacher will play music, mostly the students will shook their head or even dance due to the music they heard or draw what they felt as they heard the music. Another strategy is Giving Direction. Familiarize the students with the different rooms or offices in the building: the Medical clinic, the principal’s office, the Library, the auditorium, the faculty room. They listen to taped directions on how to reach each of these rooms. Without notes, the students try repeat the instructions on how to reach the medical clinic, the principal’s office. A variation could be the following: The students repeat to another the directions have heard. The latter, in turn, repeats them to another. It will be interesting to find out the changes that have taken place in the course of the transmission of the instruction. In this strategy the students are able to response through their sense in locating the rooms that their teacher asks them to locate.

Phosphate Uptake Process

Phosphate Uptake Process Introduction Whilst soil moisture and nitrogen (N) are major limitations to agricultural production systems in the SAT, phosphorus (P) deficiency also limits crop growth on many soils. The cost and availability of phosphatic fertilizers to the majority of farmers in the region restrict their use. Attention has, therefore, turned to making more efficient use of the soil phosphate reserves by seeking crop genotypes and management systems that result in more effective uptake and utilization of soil-P. A number of promising strategies are being explored, many of which are presented in this Workshop. To be effectively developed, all of them require an under- standing of the mechanisms of phosphate uptake and utilization by crop plants. Use of molecular tools by nutritional physiologists in recent years has consider- ably enhanced the understanding of these mechanisms and provided new opportunities for manipulating nutrient uptake and utilization. Key genes involved in the process have been identified and information on their role and regulation is accumulating. This paper provides a summary of the phosphate uptake process and highlights some of the important molecular mechanisms involved. The external phosphate concentration Plant roots acquire their phosphate from the external soil solution where it is in equilibrium with phosphate sorbed onto soil minerals and colloids. These sorption reactions maintain low concentrations of phosphate in soil solution whilst buffering the amount of phosphate in solution. The movement of phosphate ions to the sites through which it is taken up into root cells occurs by diffusion. This is a relatively slow process and, in P-deficient soils, results in the concentration of phosphate in solution being depleted around plant roots. Thus, many of the strategies for improving phosphate uptake are aimed at reducing this depletion zone and increasing the solution phosphate concentration immediately adjacent to the sites of phosphate uptake in the roots. Extension of roots into undepleted regions of soil provides the root tip with external P concentrations similar to those in the bulk soil solution.   Further back along the root axis extension of root hairs from epidermal cells in many plant species considerably increases the volume of soil explored for phosphate. Still further back, the soil volume explored by some species growing in low phosphate soils may be enhanced by the presence of hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi which can extend several centimeters from the root surface. A cone of soil in which the concentration of phosphate in solution is depleted thus develops back from the root tip. Within this zone the equilibrium of the phosphate sorption will have shifted towards release of sorbed phosphate ions into solution. Distance to the uptake sites within the root and any barriers to phosphate diffusion determine whether the plant can access these ions. The root apoplasm The walls of root epidermal and cortical cells and the associated intercellular spaces make up the apoplasm. In young roots, these walls are composed of inter- laced fibres that form an open latticework (Peterson and Cholewa, 1998). Soil solution can therefore, move radially towards the central stellar region of the root through the pores in this latticework and the intercellular spaces. The suberised Casparian band around the tangential walls of endodermal cells prevents radial movement into the central stele of nutrients in the soil solution. The band also restricts nutrients within the stele from leaking out into the apoplasm. Older areas of some roots have another layer of suberised cells in the outer layers of cortical cells that form the exodermis. This layer further restricts apoplastic movement of external soil solution in these regions of the root. In slower growing roots, such as those on plants subjected to stress, the exodermis may be formed closer to the tip than in rapi dly growing roots (Perumalla and Peterson, 1986). Movement of solutes through the apoplasm also appears to be restricted near the meristematic region close to the root tip where the microfibrils of the cell walls appear densely packed (Peterson and Cholewa, 1998). The interlacing fibres of cell walls in the apoplasm serve to filter soil solution. They also increase the path length over which phosphate ions must diffuse to the underlying uptake sites on the plasmalemma. The presence of carboxyl groups associated with the pectic polysaccharides of the cell wall fibres results in an overall negative charge. Anions such as phos- phate are repelled by this charge and restricted to the larger pores within the apoplasm. Mucilages, ex- creted into cell walls and surrounding many roots, carry negatively charged hydroxyl groups which can further modify the flow of anions.   These, and other root excretions, provide substrates for rhizosphere micro-organisms that can influence nutrient concentrations close to the uptake sites. The net effect is that movement of phosphate may be impeded within the apoplast, further modifying the concentration of phosphate at the outer surface of the plasmalemma, particularly in cells in the inner cortex. Even in soils w ell supplied with phosphate this concentration is likely to be less than 2 micro molar. In the P-deficient soils of the SAT, the concentration will be much lower than this. Uptake of phosphate into the symplasm The plasmalemma of root epidermal and cortical cells provides the boundary between the apoplasm and the symplasm. Once inside the symplasm, nutrient ions in the cytoplasm can move radially through to the stele via plasmodesmata connections without encountering further membrane barriers (Clarkson, 1993). Trans- port of ions across the semipermeable plasmalemma is, therefore, a critical step that mediates and regulates the uptake of nutrients into the plant. The physiology and kinetics of transport of nutrients across the plas- malemma has been known for a long time. Epstein and colleagues (Epstein and Hagen, 1952; Epstein, 1953) conducted classical experiments over 40 years ago that showed that ion uptake by plant roots could be described by first order kinetics in a similar manner to many enzyme reactions. They also showed that, for the major nutrients studied, the process could be described by two phases a high-affinity system operating at low external nutrient concentrations and a low-affinity system operating at higher external concentrations. An implication arising from these experiments was that uptake through the plasmalemma was mediated by proteins embedded in this membrane. However, isolation and identification of the specific proteins involved proved to be very difficult until nutritional physiologists began to apply molecular techniques to the study of the mechanisms of ion transport in plants. With the aid of this new technology over the past 8 years, many of the specific proteins involved in transport of a number of nutrient ions in plants have been characterized, the genes encoding these proteins identified, and the complex regulatory systems involved have begun to be untangled. Genes encoding the phosphate transporter proteins responsible for influx of phosphate into the cells of roots and some other tissues have been isolated, and the roles of some of these have been defined. Uptake of phosphate into the root symplasm involves transport from concentrations less than 2 micro molar in the surrounding apoplasm across the membrane to the cytoplasm where phosphate concentrations are maintained in the mill molar range. This, together with the net negative charge on the inside of the plasmalemma, necessitates that strong electro- chemical gradients need to be overcome for successful transfer of phosphate anions into root cells. Trans- port of phosphate across the plasmalemma, therefore, requires a high-affinity, energy driven transport mechanism. The genes encoding such transporters have been isolated from a number of plant species during the past 4 years and the sequence and topology of the encoded transporter proteins inferred from the DNA sequences. Identification of plant phosphate transporters An Expressed Sequence Tag from an Arabidopsis clone containing similarities to the sequences of genes encoding phosphate transporters that had been isolated from yeast and fungi led to the isolation of the first reported genes encoding plant phosphate transporters (Muchhal et al., 1996: Smith et al., 1997a). These genes were isolated from Arabidopsis. They now form part of the rapidly growing Pht1 family of plant phosphate transporters which includes members isolated from tomato (Daram et al., 1998; Liu et al., 1998a), potato (Leggewie et al., 1997), Catharanthus (Kai et al., 1997), Medicago (Liu et al., 1998b), barley (Smith et al., 1999) and additional genes from Arabidopsis (Mitsukawa et al., 1997a). Eight different members of this family of phosphate transporters have been isolated from the barley genome to date (Smith et al., 1999). A member of a second family of phosphate transporters, Pht2, that has similarities to the quite different family of phosphate transporters represent ed by   some   mammalian   Na+/phosphate cotransporters has recently been isolated from Arabidopsis (Daram et al., 1999). This transporter, which functions as an H+/H2PO4− cotransporter in plants, is primarily expressed in Arabidopsis shoot tissues. It appears to be involved in the internal cycling of phosphorus within the plant.

Andrew Carnegie Lived The American Dream :: Andrew Carnegie

What is the American Dream? According to Webster the American Dream is the ideal according to which equality of opportunity permits any American to aspire to high attainment and material success. Andrew Carnegie is the epitome of the American Dream because he is a classic example of rags to riches success story. He seemed to be touched by an angel. No matter what was wrong with the world, Andrew Carnegie was to consistently capitalize on success. Andrew Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, in 1835. â€Å"Protected by proud and self-sacrificing parents, Andrew may not have known in these years what real poverty was†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Wall, Andrew Carnegie) Andrew Carnegie’s formal education ended after elementary school, the family's respect for books and learning ensured that Carnegie's education would continue throughout his life. Born the son of a weaver, Carnegie’s family suffered the effects of the industrial revolution. The mass production of the new steam looms left countless families out of work. To escape the depression of their hometown his family immigrated to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1848. At the age of thirteen, Carnegie began his new life in America as a bobbin boy in a cotton factory. Through a connection from his uncle, Carnegie was offered a job as a messenger boy and operator for the Telegraph Office. From the promotion of his new job, Carnegie became acquainted with Pittsburgh’s most Well-known men. While employed by the Telegraph Office Carnegie met Thomas A. Scott, the superintendent of the Pennsylvania Railroad, who offered him a job. It was while being employed by Scott, that he was given a proposal to invest in the Adams Express Company. Carnegie was able to convince his mother to mortgage their home and loan him $500 to begin his first investment. In 1865 Carnegie left Pennsylvania Railroad after 12 years to concentrate on his own businesses, the first being the Keystone Bridge Company, which made iron and steel. Carnegie surrounded himself with intelligent advisors, made heavy investments in new equipment, and maintained his ownership stake in all his enterprises, enabling him to exponentially increase his wealth. During his trips to business trips Carnegie he came to meet steel-makers. At about age 38, he began concentrating on steel, founding the J. Edgar Thomson Steel Works near Pittsburgh, which would eventually evolve into the Carnegie Steel Company. In the 1870s Carnegie's new company built the first steel plants in the United States to use the new Bessemer steel-making process, borrowed from Britain. Andrew Carnegie Lived The American Dream :: Andrew Carnegie What is the American Dream? According to Webster the American Dream is the ideal according to which equality of opportunity permits any American to aspire to high attainment and material success. Andrew Carnegie is the epitome of the American Dream because he is a classic example of rags to riches success story. He seemed to be touched by an angel. No matter what was wrong with the world, Andrew Carnegie was to consistently capitalize on success. Andrew Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, in 1835. â€Å"Protected by proud and self-sacrificing parents, Andrew may not have known in these years what real poverty was†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Wall, Andrew Carnegie) Andrew Carnegie’s formal education ended after elementary school, the family's respect for books and learning ensured that Carnegie's education would continue throughout his life. Born the son of a weaver, Carnegie’s family suffered the effects of the industrial revolution. The mass production of the new steam looms left countless families out of work. To escape the depression of their hometown his family immigrated to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1848. At the age of thirteen, Carnegie began his new life in America as a bobbin boy in a cotton factory. Through a connection from his uncle, Carnegie was offered a job as a messenger boy and operator for the Telegraph Office. From the promotion of his new job, Carnegie became acquainted with Pittsburgh’s most Well-known men. While employed by the Telegraph Office Carnegie met Thomas A. Scott, the superintendent of the Pennsylvania Railroad, who offered him a job. It was while being employed by Scott, that he was given a proposal to invest in the Adams Express Company. Carnegie was able to convince his mother to mortgage their home and loan him $500 to begin his first investment. In 1865 Carnegie left Pennsylvania Railroad after 12 years to concentrate on his own businesses, the first being the Keystone Bridge Company, which made iron and steel. Carnegie surrounded himself with intelligent advisors, made heavy investments in new equipment, and maintained his ownership stake in all his enterprises, enabling him to exponentially increase his wealth. During his trips to business trips Carnegie he came to meet steel-makers. At about age 38, he began concentrating on steel, founding the J. Edgar Thomson Steel Works near Pittsburgh, which would eventually evolve into the Carnegie Steel Company. In the 1870s Carnegie's new company built the first steel plants in the United States to use the new Bessemer steel-making process, borrowed from Britain.

I Am a Conscientious Objector :: Example Personal Narratives

I Am a Conscientious Objector "I no longer wish to be a part of the military. I have come to the conclusion that war is not the answer to any of the world's problems. War is the failure of diplomacy and mindfulness." Those are the words that led to my current problems. Sometimes, in a momentary state of weakness I curse myself for uttering those words. I had joined the National Guard wanting to make the costs of college a little easier on myself, and that had grown into the belief that I was doing my patriotic duty--I was fighting for freedom and democracy, not only in my own country, but around the world. Now I have come to the conclusion that I erred in judgment. I believe that I allowed myself to be indoctrinated into a patriotic fantasyland where reality and illusion were intertwined to create a mythological belief in my country and my service. How did this drama begin? Some would say it began while I was growing up, surrounded by violent images in movies, video games, and the nightly news, and a certain stereotyping of what boys and men should be. This is not an illogical argument, but I don't think the violent images are the only factor. I was having problems at home and was looking for an escape. I thought that joining the service would give me an "out" to my--current problems--so I signed up for the National Guard (not wanting to make the full-time commitment to the regular Army). This, I'm afraid, constitutes the reasons many of my brothers and sisters have joined the ranks. My family dropped me of at the hotel on the eve of my departure to Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. They were proud, happy, and sad at the same time. Military training is not really like they make it out to be on the TV commercials. It's extremely boring most of the time. The main catch phrase we often used between each other was, "Hurry up and wait," because that is what we seemed to be doing. Basically, for 90% of what we did we had to wait for ten or twenty other people to do it before and after us.

The Communist Manifesto and The Jungle :: essays research papers

In The Jungle, Upton Sinclair uses a true to life story to demonstrate the working man’s life during industrialization. Marx depicts in the Communist Manifesto an explanation of why the proletariat is worked so hard for the benefit of the bourgeois, and how they will inevitably rise up from it and move to a life of communism. When The Jungle and the Communist Manifesto were written, the proletariat, or working class, was a commodity of commerce. Like their brothers, they subjected to competition and all of the quick and sudden changes of the market. Before the industrialization movement began, there was more of a blend between the classes, and now there is a distinct separation between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Because of the industrialization of the countries, the replacement of manual labor with the use of machinery and the division of labor, the work of the proletarian has become homogeneous. It does not contain the individuality or charm of the laborer as handmade goods do. The worker instead becomes part of the machine and is reduced to performing menial, repetitive tasks. Thus, the workman's pay rate reflects his work, and is reduced to minimum amount needed to barely sustain them. Therefore, as the skill needed to perform the job reduced, so does the amount of the wages. Also, as industrialization increases, so does drudge and toil. The worker become, in the eyes of the bourgeois in control, a part of the machine and as expendable and as easily replaced as any part of the machine. This is in the forms of prolon ged work hours, amount of work done in a certain time, or by the increase of the speed of the machinery, which wears down and drains the workers. Modern industry has replaced the privately owned workshop with the corporate factory. Laborers file into factories like soldiers. Throughout the day they are under the strict supervision of a hierarchy of seemingly militant command. Not only are their actions controlled by the government, they are controlled by the machines they are operating or working with, the bourgeois supervisors, and the bourgeois manufacturer. The more open the bourgeois are in professing gain as their ultimate goal, the more it condemns the proletariat. In other words, the more industry becomes industrialized or developed, or the less physical or mental skills a laborer needs to complete their task, the easier it is for women and to move up into equal or higher positions than that of men.

The Financial Detective

PAPER: We believe that Company I represents the Smaller Producer of printing papers and Company J represents the World’s Largest Market of Paper. Being the world’s largest paper maker indicates having a larger inventory, more current assets (esp. since it owns timberland and several facilities), and higher cost of goods sold than other paper makers. The inventory for Company J (10. 9) is larger than the inventory for Company I (8. 8); the current assets for Company J (32. 6) are higher than that for Company I (27. 2); and the cost of goods sold for Company J (82. 9) is higher than that for Company I (75. ). We also expect that, as the world’s largest paper maker, their products will move on the marketplace better than a smaller producer of paper. Thus, Inventory Turnover should also be higher. Here, Company J (7. 11) has a larger inventory turnover than Company I (6. 75). Receivables turnover, which tells how many times accounts receivables have been collected in a given period, should be higher for the world’s largest paper company than it would be for a small producer of specialty paper. Company J’s (11. 64) receivables turnover is higher than that for Company I (8. 68). The facts also state that the world’s largest maker of paper has been rationalizing capacity by closing inefficient mills, implementing cost-containment initiatives, and selling nonessential assets. This implies that the company would have a larger asset turnover ratio than other paper companies. Company J (1. 20) has a larger asset turnover ratio than Company I (. 73). It is probable that since the small producer of paper has most of its product marketed under branded labels, that it would have a higher value of Intangibles, such as trademarks, than the larger company. Here, Company I (14. 6) has an intangibles value that is significantly higher than Company J’s (1. 9) intangible value. Based on the above analysis, we believe that Company I is the small producer of printing, writing and technical specialty papers, and that Company J is the world’s largest maker of paper, paperboard, and packaging. RETAIL: From the financial ratios and the notes attached, it is apparent that Company N is the rapidly growing chain of upscale discount stores while Company M is the firm known for its low prices, breadth of merchandise and volume riented strategy. ASSETS Receivables: Company M has lower receivables of 1. 4 compared to company N with 17. 0 and this reason is to the fact that company N offers credit to qualified customer as a means of marketing strategy. Inventories: Company M has higher inventories of 24. 5 compared to company N with 16. 7 and this reason it attributed to the strategy company M adopts. Company M has a wide breadth of mercha ndise and volume oriented strategy amount to this high inventories on the balance sheet. Intangibles: There is a 93. 3% difference compared to company N with low intangibles. This reason is due to the operational strategy company M adopts. Company M possesses either or all of these following; Goodwill, Partnership rights or Patent rights. Analyzing the information provided accurately, one or more of the of the aforementioned rights exit because for company M to sell some products at very low prices, there must be an existing kind of memorandum of understanding between the producers and company M. LIABILITIES & EQUITY Deferred Taxes: Company M has deferred Taxes of 3. with company N having O. From the information of company M provided, it is possible that the deferred tax is an evidence of capital gains that might have risen from the proceeds of divestments of several non-discount department-store businesses. Debt in Current Liabilities: Company M is 75. 4% high than company Nâ€℠¢s Debt Current Liabilities. This can be as a result of the lease contract entered by company M. Depending on the lease agreement; Company M might have an overdue payment for the lease for a period within a year. INCOME STATEMENT Depreciation: It is understandable why company N has a high depreciation than company M and this is due to the reason that M is a lease copy therefore no depreciation is paid for leasing except a rental payment. There is an exception when the lease is a finance lease. Net Income: Company N strategies pay off because shareholders of any company want to maximize their investment or returns. Company N is making almost double of company M’s net profit, and also considering the fact that company N is making 85% of company M sales. MARKET DATA Beta: Companies in the same industries usually have different betas, one of the reasons this can happen is the kind of financing or debt equity ratio. The higher the debt equity ratio the higher the beta: this shows why company N has a higher beta compared to company M that has a lower debt equity ratio. Dividend Payout: Company M has a higher payout ratio of 31. 12%. Reason why company N might have a low payout ratio can be attributed to investment in future projects with positive NPV due to the rapidly growing chain of upscale discount stores. ASSET MANAGEMENT Receivables Turnover: This shows the degree of realization in accounts receivables. Company N has a lower turnover rate, a lower rate implies that receivables are being held longer and the less likely they are to be collected. Also there is an opportunity cost of tying up funds in receivables for a long period of time. Company M is 29 times higher than company N. From the above analysis, it is obvious that financial ratios of companies in same industries can never be the same but can only be similar. The kind of strategy and technology a company adopts tells a lot about differences in financial ratios. COMPUTERS: We believe that Company E is the company focused exclusively on mail-order sales and Company F is the company that sells a highly differentiable line of products. In this industry one company focuses exclusively on mail-order sales of built-to-order PCs, including desktops, laptops, and notebooks. Besides the company allows its customers to design, price and purchase through its web site. In contrast the other company has a retail strategy intended to drive traffic through its stores. With regards to the SGA expense, as well as depreciation, we can assume that the company resulting with the highest values is of course the one having more stores compared to the one conducting most of its transactions on an online basis. In this case the high value of 23. 1 in selling, general and administrative expense and the high value of 1. 8 in depreciation belonging to company F fit the description of the company with more retail stores. Another important financial data confirming this finding is the intangible data. From the Exhibit 1, the company E has a value of 0 in intangibles which is not surprising due to its business orientation. Company E is an assembler of PC components manufactured by its suppliers, therefore not having any claim of ownership of intangibles. On the other hand, the intangible value of 1. 2 of company F is due to the fact that company F has a variety of proprietary software products. In addition, the price to book ratio is lower for Company F (5. 3) than for Company E (17. 46). This is in line with our analysis because the facts state that the retail store has a declining market share, so the lower price to book ration would match the description for a company with a lower market share. Based on our analysis above, we believe that company E is the company focusing exclusively on mail-order sales of built-to-order PCs, and company F is the company having an aggressive retail strategy intended to drive traffic through its stores. NEWSPAPERS: We believe that company P is the diversified media company that generates most of its revenues through newspapers sold around the country and around the world and that Company O is the firm that owns a number of newspapers in relatively small communities throughout the Midwest and southwest. We believe this because Company P has a larger amount of current assets (other and total) and net fixed assets than CompanyO. Company P operates in not just the United States but it also operates in countries all around the world, which it means it will have a lot of assets than Company O. FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS ASSETS RECEIVABLES:Company P is higher than Company O and this can be attributed to the fact that company P has an international presence. This will result to a huge customer base compared to Company O. higher customer base would yield more credit sales. result to its revenues all over the world in the sense that it will have a lot of customers and there can be delays in monetary transactions. Since its business has international presence it can adopt a business strategy of offering a high volume of credit sales to customers. INVENTORIES: The two companies are at par have the same ratios. This means that there is an equal amount of goods and services available in the stock of both companies. INTANGIBLES: Company O has a higher intangibles value than company P because although company O is a smaller company it has acquired a Customer good will, employee morale, increased bureaucracy, and aesthetic appeal than company P which is a more diversified media company. DEBT MANAGEMENT TOTAL DEBT/TOTAL ASSET:Company P has a higher ratio compared to O. Most of company’s total debt are short term financed and this is to say that in the next period, the company can have a lower total debt to total asset ratio compared to company O. Based on this current standing it shows that 26. 81% of company’s P asset is financed by debt. INCOME/EXPENSES NETINCOME: Company O is almost likely to succeed more than company P in its operations because of its decentralized decision making and administration. Looking closely at the net income figure of both companies, company O net income is higher than company P net income. EBIT AND NET PROFIT MARGIN: Company O has a higher EBIT because the company is more profitable than company P. Company P has a lower net profit margin value than company O which indicates a low margin of safety, higher risk, and that a decline in sales will erase profits and result in a net loss. Company O is better in this aspect because of the adopted business of decentralized decision making and administration, which led to better success in its operations. MARKET DATA DIVIDEND PAYOUT: Company O has a higher ratio than company P which means it has a higher percentage of earnings paid to its shareholders in dividends. The shareholders of company O are benefiting better from the company than the shareholders of company P are. The reason for this could be that company P may be trying to invest in a project that is preventing it from paying shareholders adequate dividends BETA: Company P has a higher value which means a higher expected return of a stock or portfolio which is correlated to the return of the financial market as a whole than company O. PRICE/EARNING RATIO: Company O has a higher ratio than P. Over the years smaller firms have performed better in terms of returns. Shareholders of company O are willing to pay more for the shares today in anticipation of great prospects of returns in the future. ASSET MANAGEMENT RECEIVABLES TURNOVER: Company O has a higher turnover value because it has a higher number of number of times that account receivables are collected during in a period than company P. LIQUIDITY CURRENT RATIO AND QUICK RATIO: Company O has a better and higher value of the two ratios than company P so it means that company O has more current assets and cash equivalents to cover its liabilitie when due than company P. Based on our analysis above, we believe that company P is the diversified media company that generates most of its revenues through newspapers sold around the country and around the world and that Company O is the firm that owns a number of newspapers in relatively small communities throughout the Midwest and Southwest

Applying Learning Curve Theory Essay

1. Change table distribution to decrease wait time and increase clientele which entails profitability. Originally, wait time including queue was 11 to 12 minutes. By applying these changes, wait and queue reduce to 9 minutes approximately. Also, a $454 increase of profit is attained. 2. Purchase the Plax Oven instead of keeping the old unreliable manual ovens. By doing so, product availability is increase and the queue time is reduced. Using the old manual ovens, pizza took 15 minutes to cook. Utilizing the Plax Oven takes 4 minutes. 11 minutes are saved and faster service is provided to customers. Profits continue to increase. After the addition of the oven, Mario’s Pizzeria is at $1,653 in profit. Lost sales reduced to $345. 3. Purchase the Menu Point System. This system aids in reducing the queue. Wait staff does not have to walk the order over to Kitchen Staff. Thus, queue time is diminished and profits continue to increase since the utilization wait staff is reduced from a 95% to 80%. 4. Rent Cream Puffs versus opening a new counter for pick up. Renting is a better decision since no additional operating costs would be required. 5. Renting Cream Puffs allows for the capacity of tables to increase; adding 7 tables of 4 and 4 tables of 2. This aids in reducing both wait and queue time. Wait time is at 3.21 minutes and Queue is at 2.71 minutes versus the original 11 to 12 minutes of the entire process. Profits increased to $2,040 while the lost sales came to $690. Analysis of Alternative Process in Effect Mario’s Pizzeria simulation is a tool that aids in understanding how to apply the learning curve theory. The simulation begins by illustrating the current process used at Mario’s Pizzeria and describing the current issues this pizza parlor must address in order avoid a greater loss of profits and loss of customers. The simulation allows for an alternative process to be created and implemented. By creating an alternative process, one can then analyze why one process is more effective and efficient than the other. At the initial start of the simulation, the table utilization is at a 97% and the waiting time is between 11 to 12 minutes. The goal is to reduce the wait time in order to increase customer satisfaction and increase profits. To do so, the first step was to change the table distribution. By simply rearranging the table set up, customers wait time reduced significantly; wait time reduced to 5.36 and the queue to 2.57 minutes for a total of 7.93 minutes. This means that the current process of the table set up simply created an unnecessary bottleneck approach. In order to prevent this, a performance process was changed and created a more effective way of making customers stay. This is sort of change can be used to illustrate how the learning curve theory is applied. According to Chase, Jacobs, and Aquilano (2006), the Learning Curve Theory is based on three assumptions: 1) the amount of time required to complete a given task or unit of a product will be less each time the task is undertaken, 2) the unit time will decrease at a decreasing rate, 3) the reduction in time will follow a predictable pattern. By applying this theory to Mario’s Pizzeria, it is evident that a small change goes a long way. For instance, the utilization for tables decreased from 97% to 95% on tables for four, but in tables for two the utilization was 88.9%. Although customers still walked away, the number of those who left was not as high as the initial number during the first week. Mario’s Pizzeria continued to face issued when the manual oven broke. The wait time for customers was affected because the process slowed down. As a manager, one has to take immediate action to solve the problem at hand through thought process in order to avoid high additional cost to this small business. If the learning curve theory is applied correctly, Mario’s Pizzeria will not be affected dramatically especially since they have dealt with previous wait time issues. The learning curve theory states that the more a task is done several times, the less likely it will be that a similar mistake will occur. In this situation, the metric that continues to be affected is time and the dissatisfaction of a customer having to stand in line for a long time. By not using this type of performance process and to avoid reaching the upper control and upper tolerance limits, the solution was to replace the manual ovens and purchase the Plax Ovens. The Plax Ovens cook more pizzas in fewer minutes than the manual ovens. If the current manual ovens were not replaced, the cooking time will be higher and fewer pizzas would be available, which in turn the queue would not decrease for the customers. Customers will continue to wait for fifteen minutes versus four minutes. Another option that was used in the alternative process was the purchasing of Menu Point Systems. This system will allow for the process time to drop significantly. Although, the cost of the menu system seems high in price, the return of investment is of 125%. This percentage indicates that in the long run the system is worth its price for the pizza parlor. By implementing this Menu Point System, Mario’s Pizza parlor decreased it wait time to 3.76 minutes and the queue to 2.62 minutes. Additionally, the utilization of their wait staff was at 60 to 80 percent. The utilization dropped since the wait staff no longer had to walk the order over to the kitchen staff. A change was made to the queue system. A step was eliminated in the queue section, thus, saving time. By implementing, both the Plax Oven and the Menu Point System a profit of $1, 622 was earned. If this two performances process were not in place, Mario’s pizzeria would be back to step one, waiting time at its upper tolerance and upper control limit. These are two factors that should be avoided at all cost when trying to aim for total quality management in a business. Implementing the Plax Ovens and the Menu Point System, the learning theory curve is in effect. Now, when the order is placed, it goes directly to the kitchen staff, the kitchen staff then process the order through the Plax ovens which are quicker in cooking time. Finally, after all the great implementations and changes made to the pizza parlor, business continues to increase and more decisions were necessary in order to keep the timeliness and customer satisfaction. Mario’s pizzeria rented the business next to the parlor instead of opening a pick up counter. If a pick up counter was chosen as an option, operating cost increase. However, renting Cream Puffs was the best option. Renting the business next door allowed for capacity of tables to increase which in turn increased profit and lessen the overall processing time of a customer. In the end, Mario’s Pizza Parlor profited $2,040 and the grandchild earned the trust of the grandfather.

The History Of Malignant Melanoma Health And Social Care Essay

The tegument is the largest organ of the human organic structure. It protects us from heat, sunshine, hurt to the internal organic structure and infections. There are 3 types of tegument malignant neoplastic diseases ; there is Basal cell, Squamous cell and Malignant Melanoma. Malignant melanoma is a malignant tumour, the deadliest type of skin malignant neoplastic disease. Malignant melanoma starts to organize from melanocytes and so starts a growing formation on the tegument. On rare juncture Cam melanomas occur in the eyes, meninxs, and the mucous membrane in different locations. All melanomas normally are strong pigmented and have an early consequence to distribute to your variety meats and castanetss. Malignant melanoma is found and both me and adult females. In work forces melanomas are found between shoulders and the hips caput and cervix, and in adult females melanomas are found on weaponries and legs Over the past three decades the incidence of malignant melanoma has increased and is one of the fastest turning malignant neoplastic diseases than any other. Malignant melanoma is more popular now than of all time and can no longer be classified as rare. Melanoma is now one of the more common tumours of any malignant tumour. In 1980 there were 1 in 250 people whom would go affected with melanoma presently 1 in 87 people are at hazard and the twelvemonth 2000 1 in 75 people will develop malignant melanoma. Malignant melanoma is usually found among the white population. Worldwide the incidence of melanoma are increasing particularly in lighter skin people chiefly because lighter skinned people lack melanin in their tegument, and their exposure to sun light makes it worse on the tegument. The incidence in Central Europe reported 10 to 15 instances to 100,000 caput population a twelvemonth. And in the United States 15 to 25 instances. Australia has the highest incidence rates at 50 to 60 instances per 100,000 per twelvemonth. With Asiatic and Africans with pigmented tegument melanomas are rare in that portion of the universe although ; if there were any instances or are any instances melanomas will ever be located at the mucous membrane, on the thenar of the custodies or the colloidal suspensions of the pess. ( Garbe, Terheyden, Keiholz, Hauschild and Keiholz 2008 ) Although malignant melanoma is non that common with kids and stripling less than 20 old ages of age, there have been an addition in incidence at least 2 % of instances was reported. At least 76 % of stripling and kids of the United States aging in groups 15 to 19 old ages of age. It said that Australia have the highest in instances 10 million of stripling and kids runing in 0 to 14 old ages of age group than anyplace in the universe that have melanoma. There are predisposing facts on malignant melanoma ; nevertheless the chief causes of malignant melanoma are non certain. The states that have the most sun exposure are the states that have the highest incidence. It has been reported in the past that two major fact that people come into contact with melanoma is because of excessively much exposure and base on your tegument type. But fact is the people who are less open and spends more clip within indoor environments are more at hazard every bit good, people with different tegument types. There are two skin types, tegument type 1 are people who ever burn and ne'er sunburn and at hazards of tan and at hazards for developing skin malignant neoplastic disease, and skin type 2 are people who frequently burn and sometimes sunburns are at hazard as they continue on tanning. Anyone can hold melanoma including dark skinned certain people are at higher hazard. Patient who are transplant patients and who have an immunodeficiency syndrome are at higher hazard besides. Most of these people are bluish eyed and blue-eyed with lentigos. Peoples who are exposed to UV visible radiation such as indoor Sun tanning are the people who show important marks of melanoma. Melanoma besides can run in the household. Having untypical moles can increase your hazard of malignant melanoma. ( Wheeler 2009 ) ( Coomer 2005 ) Signs and symptoms of malignant melanoma are a alteration in a mole or other skin growings, such as a birth grade. Any mole or clamber growing or nevus that changes colourss, form and size can be ruled out to be melanoma. Malignant melanoma can turn around in a mole or birth grade that is already lasting on the organic structure, and can besides turn on unmarked tegument, melanomas can look anyplace on the organic structure. Most common topographic point melanomas grow is the upper back in work forces and in adult females besides on the legs of adult females. Most melanomas are irregular shaped, normally about 6mm or larger with a lumpy or rounded lodger that may go crusty, seeping or shed blooding which will do the melanoma stick to vesture and besides itching. ( webMD ) Most physicians diagnosed malignant melanoma by skin scrutiny and tegument biopsy. The physicians or nurses will carry on a full organic structure analyze seeking all possible country including moles, nevuss and other pigmented country besides looking for unnatural colour, size, form or texture utilizing the ABCDE Lesion appraisal system, A-Geometrical Asymmetry in two axes, B- Irregular broader, C- more than two different colourss appears in the lesion, D- Maximum Diameter of more than 6mm and E- Elevation of the lesion, besides by utilizing the Glasgow seven point cheque list. This is separated by major characteristics and minor characteristics. With major characteristics change in size of lesion, irregular pigmentation and irregular boundary line, and the minor characteristics will dwell of redness itching, lesion that are greater than 6mm and the seeping crusting of the lesion. Performing a biopsy, done by a diagnostician, is so they can analyze tissue specimen for malignant neop lastic disease cells under microscopic position. If tissue consequences are malignant so farther notice of proving will be done, depending on what phase of melanoma is present forecast will be told. ( Hodgett 2011 ) There are different phases of malignant melanoma ; phase I, II, III, IV and the forecasts are different in each phase. The procedure of melanoma spread quickly to other parts of the organic structure, go forthing the forecast hard to find. Melanoma starts with phase 0, in this phase melanoma is in situ which means that the melanoma is in the cuticle and hasn & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢t spread to the dermis country yet, this phase can besides be called the Clark degree. In phase 0 a biopsy will be performed, to take the affected country. If melanoma is found before in this phase the forecast rate in phase 0 melanoma is 99.9 % , with some medicine. ( Cancer.gov ) In article diary Cancer Nursing Practice, 2011 graph box 3 Melanoma presenting provinces that ; Stage I invasive melanoma less than 2mm non-ulcerated tumours. Patients with phase I tumours have a great forecast. Stage II of melanoma which is called high hazard melanoma is when the melanomas are more than 2mm in thickness and has ulcerations ; the forecast at this point is 5 old ages survival with 45 to 78 per centum. Phase III Regional Metastasis, at this phase melanomas have spread to the lymph node and affected the environing country, with no distant spreading. The forecast gets worse at this phase go forthing the people whom have a five twelvemonth endurance rate to 70 per centum. At phase IV distant metastasis, melanomas have so spread throughout the organic structure impacting the lungs, encephalon and liver the forecast rate is really hapless at this phase there is a 6-9 per centum of endurance. Melanoma can be cured, if person catches the melanoma in early phase and is treated right off when melanomas are at the cuticle and has non invaded any environing tissues, castanetss and variety meats. If melanoma is caught tardily in the procedure there are interventions that can depend on life span. The intervention of malignant melanoma in some instances will take up to a surgical remotion of the affected tegument. There are four types of processs, that includes local deletion a remotion of the full melanoma along with the broader, broad local deletion is a surgery that removes more of the tissues that is environing the existent melanoma and some lymph nodes, A lymph node dissection is a surgery that removes lymph nodes to see if malignant neoplastic disease cell are present or if the lymph node have malignant neoplastic disease, and Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a surgery that removes the lymph nodes that malignant neoplastic disease have spread to from the tumour. Treatment is besides based on phases of melanoma, if in advanced phases of melanoma the clinical rating will include chemotherapy, radiation therapy for castanetss, spinal cord and encephalon, and immunotherapy. Depending on age and wellness issues some of the side effects can take up to sickness and purging particu larly with chemotherapy ( webMD ) . After happening out you have been diagnosed with melanoma can take a toll on your life and the lives of other who will be taking attention of you for the remaining of life. The life styles and environments factors alterations after diagnosings. Harmonizing to care sheet Evidence-Based Care Sheet: Melanoma: Appraisal for Psychological Adjustment for inside informations on the benefits of timely appraisal for psychological accommodation it states that in every phase of malignant melanoma an person will necessitate or be in psychological emphasis and more attending will be needed for those who have advanced melanoma. It can besides diminish your energy, affected physical visual aspect and sex life, and decreased your outlook, increases hurting. The idea of an person with melanoma deceasing can take person to be angry, disquieted, self-destructive, and anxiousness. But there are healthy lifestyle picks that can come into life longer by ; eating healthier nutrients, fruits and veggies, no smoke, no imbibing intoxicant, exerting on a regular footing. In decision melanoma can impact anyone, and the forecast of malignant melanoma is really hapless, and the incidence of this malignant neoplastic disease is lifting we need to be more educated on this disease and how we can protect the tegument that & amp ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s protecting us. Be more careful with tanning cause it may take up to melanoma.

Marketing Career Paper

A marketing manager had the duty of overseeing all marketing, advertising, and promotional activities, as well as staff. They are also the people who create marketing strategies and meet organizational objectives. A must for the job is being able to evaluate customer research, the conditions of the market, the competitor’s data and must be able to change and implement a marketing plan. A marketing manager, overall, is the leader of the business’s marketing organization.All the jobs performed by a marketing manager require knowledge of the field, people skills, and problem solving skills. It is not a job where one learns on the job, one must know the skills before you start. The average salary of a marketing manager is $107,610. One can work their way to making $138,470. The hours may vary for this job position. They work the average forty hours a week, plus some. With all their job requirements, they are expected to work extra to solve any problems or work on any projec t.One may also have to travel quite a bit. To become a project manager there are no set requirements and/or qualifications for the position. This are is becoming very popular and has made the market for this job very competitive. It would be wise to obtain a degree, such as a masters in business or a CIM (Chartered Institute of Marketing) certification. It would also be good to have â€Å"extensive experience in other marketing positions,† as well as having been a product manager.IT literacy is also a must. Although these can help one obtain the job, one does not have to have a certain amount of years or experience to become a product manager. The hours are varied and one must have a lot of commitment to do this job well. One must be willing to let go of certain activities. The pay, however, is very good. One must out way the positives and negatives of this job to decide if they are willing to put the hours in to succeed at this job.

English Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English Class - Essay Example In a traditional educational setup, the decision making power solely rests with the teacher. When the students are not allowed their adequate share of decision making, they become more of objects rather than conscious human beings with analytic and evaluative senses. (Freire) has identified two basic types of educational concepts, namely the banking education and the problem-posing education, and has discussed the traits of both. The banking education is the typical pedagogical approach in which the teachers are in charge and the students are enslaved. In the exams, children’s memory is checked rather than their analytical skills. The problem-posing concept is on the other end of the scale. In the problem-posing educational concept, the teacher is always cognitive and never narrative. The teacher adopts a reflective approach and inculcates his own reflections in those of the students. In this system of education, neither the teacher nor the students standardize the concepts. T o them, reality keeps transforming and so do the concepts. What is the "banking system" of education? This is a system of education in which the teacher and students do not mutually exert mentally to realize the truth, but the assumed truth is fed into the students by the teacher. The teacher is always right! The teacher prepares the lesson beforehand and makes the presentation in the class.

Research essay Competing Value Framework Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Essay Competing Value Framework - Research Paper Example It also helps in improvement of the profit margin and revenue of the organization as compared to other rivals in the market. Other than this, the framework of CVF is also often thought to be as a leadership tool utilized to improve the sales and revenue of the organization. Moreover the CVF might also be used for varied aspects and levels in organizations for their betterment and improvement. Apart from this, the CVF also serves as a map, an organizing mechanism, a sense-making device, a source of new ideas and a learning system to make the organization more and more effective in long run. This research paper mainly describes the meaning and developments of competing value framework (CVF) and the organizational focus with the help of two axis’s long with its benefits for the organization Definition of competing value framework Competing Values is all about accepting and analyzing the ways to appreciate the conflicting values in order to integrate them successfully for the bett erment of the organization. This might help the organization to improve its total sale as well as brand image in the market among others in the market. Along with this, it might also help an organization to analyze the strength and weakness so as to make use of it for its improvement and reduce its discrepancies. The Competing Values Framework (CVF) was developed for the benefit of the organization by analyzing the organizational culture, organizational effectiveness, organizational design, information processing, organizational quality, leadership competencies, stages of life cycle development, leadership roles, financial strategy and brain functioning. Therefore after examining all these above mentioned factors, the effectives of the organization may be improved as compared to others (Smart & Hamm, 1993). Other than this, if the organizational profit margin is increased then the level of reliability and trust of the customers over the brand might also increase resulting in amplifi cation of its total customers range. Due to all these advantages, it is considered to be one of the best models to improve the organizational portfolio in the market among others. Consequently it also helps to identify the set of guidelines that might facilitate the managers or leaders to diagnose, congruencies, manage the interrelationships and contradictions among the different aspects of associations to improve the organizations’ performance and market value in the market. So, it is highly appreciated (Quinn & Cameron, 1999). Development of competing value framework The Competing Values Framework came into existence from a series of theoretical framework and empirical studies and research conducted on the idea of organizational efficiency (Quinn & Rohrbaugh, 1983). All these efforts are performed with an attempt to improve the essence of organizational effectiveness in the market (Quinn and Rohrbaugh, 1983). Apart from this, the faculties of University of Michigan also und ertook varied types of organizational aspects into consideration so as to improve the fame in the market among other rivals. It consists of two dimensions among which the first one is related to organizational focus on the internal emphasis of the employees of the organization along with the external factors as well. The second dimension represents the contrast

The Financing and management of risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Financing and management of risk - Essay Example The company has major business activities in countries like Canada, Japan, China, UK, Mexico, Taiwan, Philippines, India, etc. Apart from coffee, Starbucks also sells ice cream, cold and hot beverages, snacks, beer, etc. The products offered by Starbucks are specific to the location of the store and are seasonal and customized to the target market segment. Starbucks employs around 149000 employees in its coffee stores and operations all over the world. Through its massive chain of coffee houses all over the world, Starbucks generated revenue of $13.29 billion in 2012 with a net income of $1.36 billion for the company. The strong performance of Starbucks’ coffee business across the world is highly dependent on its business model which has been well established by the company. The business model of Starbucks lays its success story for attracting customers into its stores for a cup of coffee day after day all over the world. The coffee selling stores of Starbucks present a status symbol for the customers of coffee. Although the coffee sold in the stores of Starbucks are priced highly, it the ambience that the stores of Starbucks offer to the customers that makes a difference. The coffee selling stores are supported by friendly and helpful staffs who address the problems, queries and grievances of customers who walk in to take coffee. The customers taking coffee are largely valued in the stores which in turn help the stores to hold their customers (Starbucks Corporation, 2013, p.1). The over business model of Starbucks which is applicable to its national as well as international presence is described below. Starbucks have a transnational model of business in which it has a universal product that is customized to fit the requirements of the local market. Starbucks follows a business model whereby the coffee and other products like beverages, beer, ice cream, snacks, etc. are sold through the coffee house chains in the international markets. Starbucks products under brand names are also sold in the grocery shops and retail market chains across the world. The coffee business of Starbucks has to be responsive to the markets and fits the taste and culture of the local people who walks in to take coffee. The strong business model of Starbucks has helped them to build international relationships and achieve their targets. Starbucks original business model was based on marketing of coffee by providing enriched customer experience in an upbeat environment inside the coffee stores. In order to cope up with the competitive market, Starbucks have now adopted advertising strategies by media like newspapers, television, offering cheaper prices, etc (Kazmi, 2010, p.21). As depicted above in the diagram for business model of Starbucks, the business model takes into consideration a range of factors that includes product strategy, customer economic, marketing of coffee, cost of capital of the business, economic sale, assessing value of the business, pro duction costs, revenue mechanism, growth of assets and competitive barriers, etc. The product strategy is framed by looking at the emerging demands of the market. Apart from offering a single product of coffee, Starbucks took into consideration

The Importance of Artifact Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Importance of Artifact - Assignment Example For instance, Lithuanian has a game called Blind Chicken and it identifies itself with it in all corners of the world (Kawan 297). Their cultural practices are pegged on this game, and they find much inspiration from it. For this reason, this paper will analyze "Blind Chicken" as a cultural artifact of the Lithuanians society. This artifact is very important for this discussion because of its role in the Lithuanian society and it is very common with children. It is fun playing this game; hence people from this culture appreciate it in whatever circumstance. Similarly, it represents the values of this culture and helps the children during physical and emotional development (Nashleanas 630). For this reason, its characteristics made it worth discussing as an artifact in this society. The Blind Chicken is an outdoor or indoor game played by children, in a safe and free place away from obstacles that might cause them injury. The game is played by children of age 4 to 9 though other age groups can also play and enjoy, and it comprises a group of 3 to 12 players. It is played through blindfolding one player with a piece of cloth and then he or she is expected to find the rest of players within a certain boundary. The blindfolded player becomes the Blind Chicken, who looks after others. The blindfolded individual is expected to walk or run around, capture and identify one or more of the players. Accurate identity relieves the Blind Chicken, and the captured players take the role (Kawan 298). The Blind Chicken game has a long history since it began a long time ago in Europe before industrialization. It began in Eastern Europe among the Lithuanian communities who were poor and did not have toys to play with like other people. This community was destitute and their children used toys made of sisal, clothes, and wood, borne among others (Nashleanas 634).  

Credit Cards - Phase 2 - ip Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Credit Cards - Phase 2 - ip - Essay Example While we know that you have now become a responsible adult, I would nevertheless, like to tell you something about the most crucial factor of one’s life. The management of money, especially the use of credit card is an important aspect of life and becomes all the more critical for the freshman because they not only need to know the advantages of the credit cards but also the pitfalls of its mismanagement. This is the one type of paper currency that gives you instant access to goods and services without actually having it in hard cash so it is easy to forget the value of money. Judicious use of money and credit cards shows responsible behavior and inculcates habits that would never let you fail in life. As you know, the credit cards have great advantages. One of the most important is that it helps you to meet emergency situations with ease and confidence. You do not have to carry large amount of cash while on traveling or shopping. They make it easy to buy goods and protect your purchases in case of theft or loss thus considerably increasing your purchasing power. Sometimes, credit card purchases may also give additional benefits of extra discounts. But the most important advantage of credit card is that they help you to establish credibility in the market which you would be a huge help when you require money for important matters of your life. Good credit card credibility is a great asset for securing loans from financial institutes, facilitates rental application and sometimes even jobs. You can acquire good credit history by making prompt payments of all your bills without resorting to part or installment based scheme of payment schedules. The biggest pitfall of credit cards is that it gives you indiscriminate power of spending and encourages people to spend money that one does not possess! This often leads to debts that keep accruing because as a