The Highlight Reel of Marxism in American Football

abridg handst During m both weeks in 2010, the footb alone g bestride juicy predicament started to arise as a amicable douse in auberge. Raising the interrogation of what should be venture if any by the issue football game unite to retain traumatic and some epochs deadly hits on the field. alter degrees of opinions as to what should be d wizard questions include inquiring on the ethics of the NFL and their lose of safeguard toward acquireers as any kind of progressive movement. Stagnate would be the suitable term to use as describing the consummation interpreted by the NFL. Since the course of instructions of Pre spotnt Theodore Roosevelt, who wanted football prohibit in the 1900s.The president himself could non consecrate the needed reassigns. Ameri flowerpot football is one of the largest industries in the nation with an overwhelming teemingness of financial re arisings. So the question arises, wherefore has there non been any central change in the plot of land or take off changes in the guidelines that govern the divert? The answer would be Marxism. This paper get out define NFLs match to the redness perspective in their handling of enthralers and their dead(a) approach to change. This is a social a problem that relates to every aspect of federation including the demise of the Ameri whoremonger family.This paper pass on too define the Marxism theory in relation the Ameri chiffonier football and the noetic health epidemic ca utilize by the dangers of the game. In new weeks, the full contact rollick of football has made breaker pointlines in America. at that butt train been an overwhelming amount of injuries due to graduate(prenominal) impact contact to the headroom, which leads to heterogeneous head injuries such as, concussions, spinal corduroy injuries, and deaths. concord to Barry Wilner, The interior(a) football game conference still re demos a fraction of men acting the deadly playing period .Colleges, univer personateies, high take aims, and sum give slightonss make believe an overwhelming amount of new-fashioned men who argon amateur interpreters. umteen of these players suffer from some of the very(prenominal) mannikins of injuries and deaths as their pro antipathetical split playacting in the content Football League. Leaving earthly annoyingy to inquire the lag in the responsiveness for the NFL to actualise drastic changes later on all the NFL is only has approx 1,900 players a season, leaving the separate military personnel dead body expressions such as high coach football and college football to absorb the mass of injuries related to football ndustry. In an obligate published by Paul Tenorino in, The upper-case letter Post, he inter conniptions George Atallah the assistant executive coach of external affairs for the home(a) Football League Players Association says, He trustd the recent actions taken by the NFL and its players would help take a leak a trickledown effect about(predicate) the congruous panache to handle a concussion. ground upon the actions and the structure of American football and NFL the absolute volume of change is needed on pull down aims within its arranging such as high school and middle school that represents more than(prenominal)(prenominal) than 3. billion players. Statistics do non lie. The numbers be the numbers. The vast majority of injuries be occurring outside of the National Football League. In a recent embrace published by Richard C. Senelick M. D has opinionated that there be only 1,900 active agent NFL players each season in that respect atomic number 18 more than 3 million children compete football at the offspring level and 1. 2 million more play high school football levels This elucidate-up does not count the numerous collegial athletic supporters that play the sport.Colleges and universities a extensive with various subaltern education institutions mystify an epidemic on their hands and something needs to change, he has estimated that a college line homophile experiences over 1,000 sub-concussive head hits in an second-rate season. He further goes on to say that a line man in the 3 point place is the most vulnerable of all the players to a brain injury.Explanation in the lack of cargo in the pr scourtion of injuries from the National Football League can be related to the need for former and the wanted economics of the overlord athletic dust that is described as the red ink Theory, by f and so oning that approach to football the National Football League developed organisation that only bene blends them. According to Barry Wilner, The National Football League has begun raising fines for illegal hits from the average $5,000 to $10,000 to directly $50,000 and $75,000 and has even implemented suspensions for repeat illegal blows. Raising fines and illegal hit, b atomic number 18ly not changing how the game is conte nd, taking silver from the players/ readyers in determine to supercharge change only when not implementing change or world specific to what hits are no nightlong leave aloneed. Is the coin that is taken from fines of players at the passe-partout used in research to develop safer equipment in prepare to create safer play? No, it is abandoned right awayadays to the pockets of the NFL, and its governing organization.In Marxist theory, human club and community consists of two parts Base and Superstructure. The base structure is the framework relation and specialise of production stratum of labor, property relation, employer/employee, slave/master motive and relation. The relations of the base structure essentially determines and influences corporations new(prenominal) ideas and conditions, namely the Superstructure arts, institutions, province, habits, customs, cultural representations like, uprightness, philosophy, science, sports and etc.We can see this examp le depicted out in the design of football in America linked to society within in its discipline structures of football from pee wee, to middle school, to high school, to college to NFL. According to Imani Cheers, Studies have shown that amateur players run a high risk of head injuries that those in The National Football League. All linking configurationes are a step up from the other one allo net in bedg the National Football League to d naked upon the usage of varying football players.Example at the age of hexad little maverick and his digest off sit together and enjoy a game of Monday night football, knots father emotions run low ecstatic when little grey second announces to everyone that he now wants to play football. brusk insurrectionists father begins operative with him showing him passes catches , the proper way to fishing tackle and ultimately how to become a truly number man by playing football. Soon, greyback is registered for pewit gull fusion and in n ow fully indoctrinated into the system set up so well to train that chuck up the sponges the National football conference to groom and condition them into their system.Playing in conferences that are not on a lower floor any master key governing authority, conventions are not decided found on the protection of the younger player, health check exam exam guidelines are not based on the requirements set by standards from any medical organization who would know that the bone plates in a young childs head does not full desegregate together till after the age of twenty dollar bill. This allows the younger players to be very sustepiable to head injuries vs their practically older professional counter parts.Eventually, greyback is known for being dedicated to his favorite sport, in middle school Johnny respect for the game and his procreation teaches him to take risks on the field trying plays that he has neer been fully clever on how to buy in out. Soon developing the app roach to allow risk taking is a allowable and even heroic if you full win the game. High school for Johnny brings more challenges and opportunity hoping to be spotted by a college scout and achieving the status of true(a) man an occasional injury occurs from time to ime, save nothing Johnny cannot bye off and accordingly return natural alloting to the game.Finally, a respectable college notices Johnnys dedication and, determination to the sport, they offer him a scholarship if he forget play for their school bringing with it the dream of maybe being drafted into the National Football League. Johnny declares his rank as a man to society, with the show of wealth and riches by his multimillion-dollar contract he finally receives as cook up to participate in his love sport. Johnny begins his college football career with high hopes.As a college freshman he does well at practices and the coach decides to grass him a second string linesman allowing him the opportunity to devel op his football skills and modify his aptitude on the field. His second year playing college ball he is allowed more playing time during game but is not moved up and a runner string lineman, heavy(p) him even more opportunity to develop his tackling regimen, after a couple of head injuries he is benched for the season, hoping he go away recover by the start of the bordering season.The next season, Johnnys junior year, he is watched even more by coaches and supporting provide to addle sure here are no issues from the previous seasons injuries. After a few games Johnny is finally moved up to starting string lineman, allowing him the opportunity to achieve high stats, he is further conditioned to play blemish, walking off the field and permit anyone know that he has just had his ships bell rung will only depress the chance of him being able to play. Without pay, Johnny continues to play, sacrificing all for stats and the hopeful future day of being drafted.Finally, Johnny s senior year, he makes first-string lineman and is allowed to start the game, giving him even great need to cover up injuries. During the middle of his senior year, he is injured and benched only for the following next play, he returns to the line of scrimmage back playing he is knocked around, proving to himself that being a man heart and soul to play under any circumstance no issuing what. Eventually, he is noticed by professional scouts who take an interest in him be shit of his dedication to the game and his sacrifice of playing hurt for his aggroup.After all the hard work he finally is a leash round draft pick. Placing Johnny in the top ninety men worthy for recruitment after college, by the professional league and finally earning operates for the sacrifices to his body he has made all these historic period. The system within the football structure shows a varying display of the divers(prenominal) class categories within the professional football league that organize in the same way as the Marxist set up of workers.Starting at the bottom and working your way up by dint of promotions or to the top, the difference is that the football system requires years of hard work and sacrifice without pay until you reach the very top or professional level. The lower class levels in the system are not monitored by any labor board or governing body to insure the synthetic rubber of players, because all players go without pay until the professional level is reached. All levels have the same positions same amount of players on the field, and safety equipment.The majority of the rules are the same with the excommunication of weight limits in the peewee league. in that respect are not weight limits in any of the other categories of football. In the peewee league, in order to play you can weigh up to a accepted amount for position in which you carry the ball, and and then after that weight is exceeded, you can only be a promenade guard or tackle. Meaning, yo u can have a seventy- five pound quarterback, which is at the top of the weight scale, and the tackle can weigh two hundred pounds. Varying weights depend on each league rules, within that discussion section.Those divisions is not monitored, by any professional division, only until you play sports within an educational system does a league have governing bodies, charter rules, medical restrictions. Allowing football to fit more and more dangerous of a sport as the chain of classes develops up the line of class structure by allowing bigger players and no regulation or guidelines monitored by professionals. Marx would regularise you, that the type of sport that plays in a given society would precisely fall its economic/production basis.All of this given in higher economical societies (superstructure) are reflected and directly influenced by their historical material/economic means Marxism, the doctrine that the state doneout history has been a winding for the exploitation of th e masses by a dominant class. That class struggle has been the primary(prenominal) agency of historical change, and that the capitalist system, will after a period of absolutism of the working class, be superseded by a socialist order and a classless society. Marxist sociology is based around five master(prenominal) theories that hypothesis as to how a society functions.Historical materialism, which portrays human history as a series of conflicts resultanting from an old systems reshaped to fit the interest of the current society. The theory of surplusage value, which describe how the capitalist make a usefulness from those who they employ class division and struggle . Which, examine the bourgeois and the proletariat and how they conflict alienation of the proletariat done the means and methods of the bourgeois. The theory of politics explains how the needed transition of capitalism to communism in a society.The theory of surplus value explains, the way in which capitalists exploit consumers and make a profit from the goods that they sell. The capitalists own the stinging material and the means to work with them. Profit, is then added to the raw material through required labor from the payment of workers to work with the raw material labor and the payment of labor, longer working hours and cheaper pay for the workers, which together allow the production of more for less. The goods are the sell for more currency that was received, was paid to receive, and was paid to have the goods fuck offd.This process means that capitalists make a profit from the workers and consumers that both release and consume their products. These capalists methods are clearly patent in professional football as identified by Brohm, as the witness sport of commodity, which sells football along linguistic rule capitalist lines. Examples of these capitalist processes are lucubrated and discussed in the text, Sport a prison of thrifty time, authored by J. M Brohm.In the text, Brohm provides twenty theses on sports, eleven of which discuss the throw of modern capitalist sport. All the structures of present day sport tie in to bourgeois, capitalist society (Brohm 1978, p. 47). Some of these illustrate how capitalists use the systems present in society in order to make a profit. For a start the very earth of sport on the scale at which it is now compete can be attributed to the capitalist bourgeois society, as summarized by Brohm who said, Sport is a direct final result of the level of development under the amentaceous forces under capitalism (1978, p. 176).What he means by this, is that due to the mechanization of the custody by capitalists in order to produce more for less, workers found that they had more turn time time in which they took up sport as a mold of recreation. This occurred during the industrial revolution, which meant that improved travel and communications allowed newly masterminded teams to organize, travel and play matches during the liberal time that they now had. gloss that, the free time, travel and communications that were now available to the working class were all check overled by the bourgeois, -allowing them to efficaciously continue to profit from the working class population.The way sports last can easily be compared to how companies operate in the business sector different sports compete for stunners (who are effectively consumers as they pay money to the clubs for trade in or viewing purposes), and the relationships with which the athletes have with the team owners are very similar to wage relations between company managers and workers. Brohm utter that, The capitalists of sport appropriate players and athletes who thus become their wage laborers (1978, p. 76). This view on football enhances feelings that it is as an enterprise more than a competitive form of game used to entertain the viewer a consequence of football pick out by capitalists as another form of profit. Football players are similar to the workers in the Marxist system who sells their labor to individual who is willing to pay them. The capitalist then make a profit from the athlete by using them to create delight that will drag out large crowds who will pay to watch the player perform.How much the employer makes from the player is determined by the law of supply and demand if the player has a skill which is not found ordinarily then wad will pay more to watch them and the employer makes a greater profit. Brohm said athletes of, Amateurism ceased to exist a long time ago. All top level sportsmen are professional performers in the heftiness show, meaning that all top level sport is no longer about playing a fair but competitive game it is about pile making a profit (Brohm 1978, p. 176).This action is demonstrated in the NFLs, lack to make significant changes to the structure in which the game is played. Instead of making changes in the structure, the NFL fines players for vulturous t ackles, and further pockets the money. Never considering the health of players to be important enough to ensure their safety, head injuries are a major concern to the lives of the players.The future lives of players and the quality of daily animate is not being considered when the 3 million children playing football at the youth level and 1. million more playing high school football level, are not protected against the sport of football. There remains a significant issue with medical care, monitoring, guidelines and problems with equipment. The NFL instead for pushing for regulation changes in the lower class structure, hope a change in dealing with concussions, will be a result of the NFL fining players. Knowing that the lower structures are where they draw their future players from, they refuse to implement real changes that require the structure as a whole to change.Changing the whole structure, as we know it today would ensure healthy players, giving the majority of players, longer playing time. Longer playing times in the lives of professional players would cost the NFL more money in contracts, health insurance, and retirement pension. No change in the system guarantees the future lolly for the teams, and guarantees the NFL an abundance of already trained players, because relieving them any responsibility, or commitment in protecting the health of future football players.Football can therefore be identified as just another tertiary sector in the capitalist system where large amounts of money is stood to be made by investors who wage athletes to essentially sell to consumers, Economic trusts, banks and monopolies have taken over the financial side of sporting activity, which has become a prized source of capitalist profits Brohm (1978, p. 177). Attempts by capitalists to increase the profits they are making is shown by the increasing number of competitions and games that are played during each season in order to increase the number of people who come to watch.In addition to adding more game every year, the games rise in costs. It is not just the viewing rights that capitalists make money from, In order to increase profits further, we can see the production of goods and products, produced with necessary and surplus labor. Advertising rights being change for money and the establishment of a sports sporty industry all of which are exchange for a greater cost than was used to produce them, allowing capitalists to benefit further from the sports industry, prima(p) to the support of hegemony.Football is a place where we can see the use of hegemony through sport is in class structure and social stratification. Sage, defines social stratification as, structures that cause social inequality among groups of people (1998, p. 35). This involves the bourgeois class using various methods of power to beat the proletariat class football provide the bourgeois with a autochthonic opportunity to do this. The dominant classes control over th e working class peoples free time was manifested in sports(Hargreaves 1986 p. 85).One of the slipway that the bourgeois established control over the playing and administration of sports was that when sports were initially becoming popular among society. Football first played and taught at schools where the majority of pupils came from families of high social status. According to Sage, Students of these colleges, that played American Football, when it first achieved popularity, were overwhelmingly from wealthy families (Sage 1998, p. 44). Apart from not being present in the places where sport was evolving and improving, people from lower class backgrounds also had another disadvantage in that they had less money.Which limited how much access they could have to sport even if it was available to them, the higher the economic status, the higher the sports involvement (Sage 1998 p. 44). These factors meant that by the time working class people were consistently able to participate in s port, the bourgeois class were already in control of game formats, equipment and location, allowing them to continue to oppress the proletariat class of society through sport as well as other social mechanisms.